自從米粉和木薯粉成為小麥粉和其他含麩質(zhì)谷物的無麩質(zhì)替代品以來,無麩質(zhì)配方已經(jīng)走過了漫長的道路。然而,消費(fèi)者對(duì)無麩質(zhì)產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的期望正變得越來越復(fù)雜。這意味著無麩質(zhì)產(chǎn)品配方設(shè)計(jì)師和營銷人員必須認(rèn)識(shí)到消費(fèi)者關(guān)心的不僅僅是麩質(zhì);他們關(guān)心營養(yǎng)、風(fēng)味和產(chǎn)品無麩質(zhì)的保證。
雖然20至30年前患有乳糜瀉和麩質(zhì)敏感性的人在消費(fèi)包裝產(chǎn)品中幾乎沒有或沒有無麩質(zhì)選擇,而且10年前只有有限的選擇。但現(xiàn)在幾乎每個(gè)市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域都可以使用無麩質(zhì)解決方案。然而,仍然需要注意的方面是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、口感和質(zhì)地。無麩質(zhì)產(chǎn)品正在改進(jìn),但有些仍然只是對(duì)過去包含纖維、蛋白質(zhì)和物質(zhì)的高淀粉仿制品。消費(fèi)者越來越多地開始意識(shí)到,如果配方設(shè)計(jì)師不匹配原始成分的營養(yǎng)屬性,可能會(huì)對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。技術(shù)、新穎的成分和積極的消費(fèi)者互動(dòng)是成功的關(guān)鍵。
最近有許多研究出版物涉及這些問題,它們使用質(zhì)構(gòu)儀作為評(píng)估質(zhì)地影響的工具:
面包
l 菜籽蛋白作為無麩質(zhì)面包的新成分。(Rapeseed protein as a novel ingredient of gluten-free bread)
l 乳清蛋白和混合粉對(duì)無麩質(zhì)面包品質(zhì)參數(shù)的影響。(Effect of whey protein and mixed flours on the quality parameters of gluten-free breads)
餅干和蛋糕
l 無麩質(zhì)面包產(chǎn)品:由不同蠶豆品種制成的餅干。(Gluten-free bakery products: Cookies made from different Vicia faba bean varieties)
l 可持續(xù)性和區(qū)域性美食:木薯葉是無麩質(zhì)餅干的潛在成分。(Sustainable and regional gastronomy: cassava leaves as a potential ingredient for gluten-free biscuits)
l 配方中含有益生菌的無麩質(zhì)餅干和富含益生菌的可食用蓋。(Formulation of a Gluten-free Cookie with Prebiotics and an Edible Cover Enriched with Probiotics)
l 巴巴蘇中果粉:巴西無麩質(zhì)松餅的營養(yǎng)副產(chǎn)品。(Babassu Mesocarp Flour: A Nutritive Brazilian By-product for Gluten-free Muffins)
l 柿子粉在無麩質(zhì)蛋糕中的應(yīng)用及其物理、化學(xué)、功能和感官特性的測(cè)定。(Utilization of persimmon powder in gluten-free cakes and determination of their physical, chemical, functional and sensory properties)
l 杏仁和椰子粉對(duì)生酮無麩質(zhì)蛋糕的影響。(Influence of almond and coconut flours on Ketogenic, Gluten-Free cupcakes)
休閑食品
l 創(chuàng)新的無麩質(zhì)產(chǎn)品,不使用任何食品添加劑。(Gluten-free product innovation without use of any food additives)
l 分析使用不同水膠體和干燥溫度以及不添加糖生產(chǎn)的無麩質(zhì)和無乳糖谷物棒的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和質(zhì)地。(Analysis of microstructure and texture of gluten and lactose-free cereal bars, produced with different hydrocolloids and drying temperatures and no-added sugar)
意大利面食
l 富含印尼食用紅海藻(Kappaphycus Alvarezii)的無麩質(zhì)意大利面的理化、感官和烹飪品質(zhì)。(Physicochemical, Sensory, and Cooking Qualities of Gluten-free Pasta Enriched with Indonesian Edible Red Seaweed (Kappaphycus Alvarezii))
l 富含脈沖蛋白分離物的無麩質(zhì)面食配方優(yōu)化。(Optimization of Gluten-Free Pasta Formulation Enriched with Pulse Protein Isolates)
l 莧菜面加工工藝的評(píng)價(jià)。(Evaluation of Amaranth Flour Processing for Noodle Making)
l 一種新的無麩質(zhì)產(chǎn)品:糙米球蛋白及其理化性質(zhì)。(A new gluten-free product: Brown rice bulgur, and its some physical and chemical properties)
l 使用不同藜麥(Chenopodium quinoa)品種的無麩質(zhì)面食的組成、力學(xué)和質(zhì)地特性的關(guān)系。(Relationship of Compositional, Mechanical, and Textural Properties of Gluten-Free Pasta Using Different Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Varieties)
通過生產(chǎn)無麩質(zhì)烘焙產(chǎn)品,食品行業(yè)的利益相關(guān)者正在努力通過不斷增加的產(chǎn)品范圍來盡可能廣泛地滿足乳糜瀉患者的需求,以確保正確的營養(yǎng)攝入而不影響質(zhì)地質(zhì)量。
質(zhì)地分析是烘焙產(chǎn)品研發(fā)中的一個(gè)強(qiáng)制性階段,此時(shí)質(zhì)地可以通過添加不同數(shù)量的成分來改變,并且必須在每次成分迭代或工藝修改后進(jìn)行測(cè)量。
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